China has carried out a tentative reform in temporary land use for opencast mine since 2005, which still needs improvement and boosting in theoretical research and policy. This paper uses insitu survey, references, cases and comparison to study this topic. Land use in opencast coal mine is marked by exclusive occupation, strong disturbance, long term and diversity. The temporary land use is closely related to easement, land lease right and land requisition, is a land requisition behavior which is to be paid, forcible and to be returned in easement. It concludes that coal enterprises should determine land use period in accordance with coal resource and mining technology from land requisition to temporary land use, regulate land return procedure. Government and enterprises shall adjust their behaviors to adapt this policy.

Viewing from holistic governance, this paper establishes a theoretical model, from subjective, objective and value dimensions, in analyzing and directing mine closure environment management, which is employed to the issues in the current mine closure environment management for purpose of providing suggestions for China to improve its mine closure environment policy. In the dimension of subject, mining operator, mine residents and local government make a dilemma in handling mine closure environment issues by their selections from respective benefits. In the dimension of object, environmental issues are treated as isolated. In the dimension of value, mine closure environment issues are ignored in one sided pursuit of economy. This paper offers suggestions in strictly complying with mine closure procedure, setting up punishment for violations, conducting mine closure planning, and financing mine closure environment handling, aiming at improving China’s mine closure environment management.

This paper reviews the major governmental collaborative supervision practices in China’s mineral resources development, analyzes their issues and presents an overall framework and objective in optimizing the collaborative supervision, aiming at providing reference for China to optimize and develop supervision policy in mineral resources development. Liaison meeting, liaison enforcement and liaison documenting are three major governmental collaborative supervision forms. In this domain, governmental collaborative involvements lack laws basis, defected in collaborative flowchart and mechanism, and uncertainty arises from department or local benefits. To improve the general efficiency of governmental collaborative supervision in China’s mineral resources development, government needs to be granted the judgment, which needs supervising. Function of department needs to be defined on purpose. Such collaboration shall be of accountability, downward and upward. The existing mechanism shall be improved in many ways.

The purpose of the paper is to reveal the general rules of peasants relocation and settlement in large coal enterprises by studying the resettlement measures and living conditions of the third land acquisition in Pingshuo opencast mine. Methods employed was the combination of literature analysis, questionnaire, interview and other methods. The results show that the settlement peasants’income level, living conditionswere improved, and the satisfaction degree was high, besides of land compensation, resettlement compensation and housing compensation, Pingshuo opencast mine also offers job placement for aged 18 to 35, project outsourcing, comprehensive and high level of social security. The research conclusions are the land expropriation made landlost peasants rich of land expropriation by the large coal mine, and it made a high rate of urbanization which is the goalof local government, the relationship between local government and peasants waschanged, from the two sides of contradictions to the common side, but another side is the large mine. However, job placement ability of coal mine is unsustainable, in addition, community constructionis necessary for peasants settlement.

This paper, by means of employing statistics, cases, references, expert query, tendency extrapolation and regional analogy, estimates Chinas mine damaged land coefficient, restorable ratio and reclamation use proportion, and forecasts the damaged mine lands, lands pending for reclamation and reclamation potential. The results show: 1) the damaged land coefficient is 0.31hm^2/10^4t in underground coal mines, 0.10hm^2/10^4t in opencast coal mines,0.30hm^2/10^4t at iron mines, the damaged land area is 13.33hm^2 per 100million bricks; 2) Until 2020, the damaged mine land is estimated to amount to 806.60×10^4hm^2, of which the coal mines possess the most, up to 233.93×10^4hm^2,120.20×10^4hm^2 to be restored. The damaged coal mine land can be restored to farmland, grassland and construction, 52.99×10^4hm^2, 55.19×10^4hm^2, and 12.20×10^4hm^2, respectively; 3) Reclamation potential is big that a sum of 308.78×10^4hm^2 can be restored, of which 148.83×10^4hm^2 to farmland, 125.31×10^4hm^2 to grass or woods land, 34.64×10^4hm^2 to construction land. The damaged coal mine land is key to be restored to farmland.

This paper uses statistics and scenario simulation to classify the damaged farmland in loess hilly terrain into three categories： mild, moderate and severe. The rehabilitation fee is calculated based on three subsiding slopes by single project： 4 082 RMB for the mild, per mu, 5 455-5 610 for the moderate and 11 374-12 283 for the severe where slope is below 5 degrees; 6 635-7 389 for the mild, 7 509-8 262 for the moderate and 10 996-11 751 for the severe where slope is between 5 to 15 degrees; 8 386-9 442 for mild, 9 259-10 318 for the moderate and 12 748-13 804 for the severe where slope is between 15 to 25 degrees, which is relevant with damaged degree, slope and transporting distance of volume.
At Pingshuo’s Panjiayao coal mine with the damaged degree mainly mild to moderate, estimated by means of MSAS and GIS, the average static rehabilitation fee is 7 016RMB, most contributed by land flatting works.

Structural design of industrialecological chain in mining area is an effective way in resolving the conflict between the traditional economic development and ecological environment. This paper, based on a case study on Pingshuo mining area, analyzes the necessity and feasibility of structural design of industrial-ecological chain viewing from circular economy, and discusses the objectives. Based on the existing resources and conditions, this paper constructs two inter-dependant chains, one is the black industrial chain based on coal and power, chemicals, silicon and alumina and building materials, the other is green industrial chain on land rehabilitation with planting, cultivating and processing in one. This paper studies their structure, functions and interests, and presents key points which shall be focused during executing industrial-ecological chain in mining area.

Mine lands are a combination of land management and ore resources management and a key component in land and resources management. Mine land intensive use is of importance in economizing and protecting farmlands. This paper, based on references, analyzes the definition of mine lands, features, supply scale, mining destroyed land scale, and presents the connotation of mine land intensive use, occupying less land, restoring farmland, quick rehabilitation, and approaches in planning, saving lands and reforming from exploration, mining and closing mine.

This paper discusses the sense of land rehabilitation planning and studies its feasibility. Rehabilitation planning is pivot to the whole rehabilitation and requires the rehabilitation be proceeded while mining, and ensures the capital and preserves the topsoil. Rehabilitation projects include soil reconstruction, vegetation reconstruction, adjuvant works, monitoring and maintenance. Rehabilitation works are poor in feasibility due to their static operation which can not match the dynamic mining, small scale maps, and absence of blocks, which can be improved through ecological ways at the early destroyed land stage, planning fitting with phased and annual designs, a local project ahead the overall project, and a detailed project execution map.

Ecological compensation for ore resources is of great significance to the sustainable development of Chinese economy and society, but study on this aspect is still little. This paper compares the relevant researches of ecological compensation in domestic and abroad, studies the impact of mining activities on ecological environment, and classifies the environmental cost in ore resources development into prevention cost, environmental destroying cost and rehabilitation cost, and presents suggestions on compensation system. Based on review of China’s ecological compensation laws regarding ore resources, this paper forms a compensation system for ore resources from policies, guarantee, compensation undertaker and beneficiary, means and standard.

This paper, based on the composition of land reclamation fee budget in production and construction projects, presents the fee shall cover engineering cost, monitoring and maintenance cost, preparation cost, and risk cost. As for the construction projects and production projects, the land reclamation fees are variable in their composition due to the different reclamation cycles and reclamation objects, which shall be separated during making budget.

The eco-industries are a sustainable development for economy and invironment in brittle coal area in loess plateau. This paper, based on a case study on Pingsuo coal mining district, analyzes the optimization utilization plans of water resources, including planting, farming, establishing methane wells, and vivarium projects, and carries out a balance study on water supply and demand. The results display the water supply shall have a surplus over the demand under an ecoindustrial development in Pingsuo coal mining district, which can provide a specific guarantee for sustainable development.

The changes in land utilization have big influence over the ecosystem service function in mining area. This paper, based on land utilization data in Pingshuo mining area, studies the ecosystem service value in different land types and the total ecosystem value, indicates that the ecosystem service value had a decreasing trend during 1985 to 1990, from 312.7 million yuan to 303.48 million yuan, and a increasing trend during 1990 to 2005, up to 3110.9 million yuan. Two simulations with rehabilitation and without had been set to compare. Without rehabilitation, the total ecosystem value is decreasing, only 264.01 million yuan in 2005; while the total ecosystem value is increasing with rehabilitation, up to 498.36 million yuan in 2005, implying the rehabilitation plays a vital part in the sustainable development of ecosystem in mining area.

Mining area is one of strongest disturbed ecological systems by human being. People's mining has a great driving force to economy, but a big impact to the local environment. This paper, taking Pingshuo as a case study, applies marketing value method, cost method and mirror project method to study the ecological system service value changes triggered by land utilization changes during 1985 to 2005, with the results indicating that the ecological value fell from 312.71 million RMB to 303.48 million RMB during 1985 to 1990, slowly rose to 311.09 million RMB during 1990 to 2005. Rehabilitation led to a good ecological profit, which improved the ecological environment, increased the ecological service value, and mitigated the impact to surface.

This paper analyzes the land rehabilitation and reutilization in Pingshuo mining area from 1986 to 2008, recalls some projects regarding land rehabilitation and reutilization and sustainable development, summarizes the experiences and features of land rehabilitation and reutilization from planning, design, capital, study, technology and actual effect, and presents some points to be thoroughly studied such as the sustainable development of rehabilitated lands, dweller's migration in mining districts, and landlost farmer's reemployment.

It is of significance to dynamically monitor the mine environment via remote sensing for protecting mine ecology and developing mineral resources. This paper, based on a case study of Anshan mine area, monitors the mine environmental changes dynamically via remote sensing at different time phases and different resolutions. Anshan mine area as a vital energy base abundant in iron and coal resources has been largely mined, resulting in a deteriorating mine environment and becoming a barrier to economy and ecology. This study reveals that during 2000 to 2006 the land utilization types have been changed, industrial and mining areas were enlarged while the vegetation coverage declines and the environment becomes deteriorated, and presents a suggestion to reestablish a ecological environment in Anshan mine area.

This paper applies the eco-footprint and measures quantitatively the sustainable development of Yaozhou district with the results that in 2007 the eco-footprint is 1.78 hm² per person, the eco-load is 0.84 hm² per person, and the ecodeficit is 0.94 hm² per person, on average. A proposal is presented for the existing issues in the sustainable development to adjust the agricultural structure, to optimize the industrial structure, to develop the recycling energies, to make land planning to boost land utilization, to enlarge the industrial linkages, and to transfer the economic shores.